The House of Normandy. Facts of Saint George of Lydda patron saint of England, Ukraine, Ethiopia, Georgia, Spain, and Russia.

Facts of Saint George of Lydda patron saint of England, Ukraine, Ethiopia, and Georgia, as well as Catalonia and Aragon in Spain, and Moscow in Russia.  Rafael Alberto Vilagut, A cross-cultural manager - ravilagut@ymail.com CEO and founder of the 2nd Chance M2O Movement. Telegram/youtube @ralviv, 22-04-2023.

 

Episode dedicated to my godson and nephew Jordi A. Canelón-Vilagut, a fellow student at the University of Costa Rica who is a victim of international crimes against humanity committed by the rector Dr. Henning Jensen Pennington Jensen Pennington, a luxury pensioner, the transition rector Dr. Carlos Eduardo Araya Leandro and the current rector, Dr. Gustavo Gutiérrez Espeleta, who abusing his authority in 2015 disapplied a law and international agreement in force since 1966 between Venezuela and Costa Rica, to this day the damage has not been repaired to hundreds of affected Venezuelan families who were forced to leave Costa Rica due to the arbitrariness committed by the hierarchs of the National Council of Rectors, the Ministry of Education, and the Presidency of the Republic of Costa Rica, Dr. Rodrigo Alberto de Jesús Chaves-Robles.

 

"Recordant el meu cosí el meu germà putatiu barceloní Jordi Valero, el periodista Jordi Vilagut i tots els que celebrin aquesta data".

 

Palau Sant Jordi is an indoor sporting arena and multi-purpose installation that is part of the Olympic Ring complex located in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Designed by the Japanese architect Arata Isozaki, it was opened in 1990. The maximum seating capacity of the arena is 17,960. It is the largest indoor arena in Spain.

 

The Palau Sant Jordi was one of the main venues of the 1992 Summer Olympics hosting the artistic gymnastics, handball final, and volleyball final events. Today, it is used for a variety of indoor sports events as well as for concerts and other cultural activities, due to its great flexibility. 

 

Hewn out of solid rock, the extraordinary church of St. George (Bet Giorgis), Ethiopia, represents one of the wonders of the medieval world. Dating from the late 12th or early 13th century AD, the construction of the church is ascribed to King Gebre Mesqel Lalibela, one of the last kings of the Zagwe dynasty. It is located near the town of Lalibela, which is situated roughly 640 km north of the country’s capital, Addis Ababa. This town contains a remarkable collection of monolithic, rock-cut churches. Eleven in total, these buildings were erected in and around the year 1200 and are a testament to the skills of Ethiopia’s medieval stone masons.

 

The church of St. George Ethiopia stands proud in a 25m by 25m wide pit that is carved out of solid volcanic rock. The construction of the church involved excavating a free-standing block of stone out of the bed-rock and then removing all the waste material from around it. The stone masons then carefully chiseled away the church outline, shaping both the exterior and interior of the building as they went. They fashioned a simple yet exceptionally beautiful cruciform structure approximately 12 m high.

The church contains three west-facing doorways, nine ‘blind’ lower level windows, and twelve upper-row windows. A number of the windows are embellished with carved semi-­palette cross motifs, while the roof of the structure contains a sequence of Greek crosses in relief, one inside the other. The church grounds are accessed via a descending trench and tunnel, which allow access to a sunken courtyard surrounding the building. This contains a small baptismal pool, while its vertical walls have a number of caves that are used as basic housing for priests and as burial tombs.  Still a place of pilgrimage for members of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church,  Bet Giorgis (St. George’s) now forms part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site “Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela“. 

Saint George Cathedral in Yuryev-Polsky is one of a dozen surviving white-stone churches which were built in Vladimir-Suzdal Principality in northeastern Rus prior to the Mongol invasion. Constructed between 1230 and 1234, the cathedral was also the last of these churches to be built, completed just three years before the invasion. Unlike most of the other pre-Mongol Vladimir-Suzdal churches, the St. George Cathedral was not designated as a World Heritage site.

 

The cathedral was designated by the Russian government as an architectural monument of federal significance.   In the 12th century, the political and cultural center of Rus slowly moved from Kiev to Vladimir. Yuryev-Polsky was founded by Yuri Dolgorukiy, prince of Rostov and Suzdal, in 1152. The name of the town derives from St. George (Russian Yuri is one of the versions of the name George). Yury Dolgorukiy also built the cathedral consecrated to St. George, which stood inside the fortress. It is presumed that the cathedral was similar to the Saint Saviour Cathedral in Pereslavl-Zalessky and to the Saint Boris and Saint Gleb Church in Kideksha, which survived to our days. Yuri's son, Andrey Bogolyubsky, moved the capital of the principality to Vladimir, and Yuryev-Polsky remained under the control of Vladimir princes until 1212.

 

St. George's Cathedral is a baroque-rococo cathedral located in the city of Lviv, the historic capital of western Ukraine. It was constructed between 1744-1760 on a hill overlooking the city. This is the third manifestation of a church to inhabit the site since the 13th century, and its prominence has repeatedly made it a target for invaders and vandals. The cathedral also holds a predominant position in Ukrainian religious and cultural terms. During the 19th and 20th centuries, the cathedral served as the mother church of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.

 

A church has stood on St. George Hill since around 1280, dating back to a time when the area was still part of the Principality of Halych-Volhynia. After the original wooden church and the fortress it was situated in were destroyed by King Casimir III of Poland in 1340, a four-column Byzantine basilica was constructed for the local Eastern Orthodox Church. In July 1700, the Act of Unification of the Lviv archeparchy with the Holy See (the Bishop of Rome – the Pope) was proclaimed in this older version of St. George's when Bishop Joseph Shumlanskyi openly embraced the Union of Brest (1596).

Construction of the present Cathedral was started in 1746 by Metropolitan Athanasius Sheptytsky and finished in 1762 by Leo Sheptytsky. Following the necessity of transferring the seat of the metropolitan Church to Lviv in the 1800s, St. George's Cathedral became the mother church of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC).

After the Second World War, Soviet authorities began persecuting the UGCC, imprisoning the newly ordained Archbishop of Lviv, Josyf Slipyj, in 1945, as well as the rest of the church hierarchy. In March 1946, the cathedral hosted the Synod of Lviv, which nullified the Union of Brest. A young Volodymyr Sterniuk (future archbishop and leader of the UGCC), concealed in the church loft, witnessed the decision to join the Metropolinate of Halychyna with the Russian Orthodox Church, along with the rest of the catholic parishes across Soviet Ukraine. The Cathedral was reconsecrated as Saint Yury's, and became the mother church of the Lvіv-Ternopіl diocese. 
 

There is little information on the early life of George. Herbert Thurston in The Catholic Encyclopedia states that based upon an ancient cultus, narratives of the early pilgrims, and the early dedications of churches to George, going back to the fourth century, "there seems, therefore, no ground for doubting the historical existence of St. George", although no faith can be placed in either the details of his history or his alleged exploits.

 

Saint George of Lydda, was a Christian who is venerated as a saint in Christianity. According to tradition, he was a soldier in the Roman army. Saint George was a soldier of Cappadocian Greek origin and a member of the Praetorian Guard for Roman emperor Diocletian, who was sentenced to death for refusing to recant his Christian faith. He became one of the most venerated saints and megalomartyrs in Christianity, and he has been especially venerated as a military saint since the Crusades. He is respected by Christians, Druze, as well as some Muslims as a martyr of the monotheistic faith.

In hagiography, as one of the Fourteen Holy Helpers and one of the most prominent military saints, he is immortalized in the legend of Saint George and the Dragon. His memorial, Saint George's Day, is traditionally celebrated on 23 April. Historically, the countries of England, Ukraine, Ethiopia, and Georgia, as well as Catalonia and Aragon in Spain, and Moscow in Russia, have claimed George as their patron saint, as have several other regions, cities, universities, professions, and organizations. The Church-Mosque of Saint George in Lod (Lydda), Israel, contains a sarcophagus.

The Diocletianic Persecution of 303, associated with military saints because the persecution was aimed at Christians among the professional soldiers of the Roman army, is of undisputed historicity. According to Donald Attwater, no historical particulars of his life have survived.  The widespread veneration for St George as a soldier saint from early times had its centre in Palestine at Diospolis, now Lydda. St George was apparently martyred there, at the end of the third or the beginning of the fourth century; that is all that can be reasonably surmised about him.

 

Edward Gibbon argued that George, or at least the legend from which the above is distilled, is based on George of Cappadocia, a notorious 4th-century Arian bishop who was Athanasius of Alexandria's most bitter rival and that it was he who in time became George of England. This identification is seen as highly improbable. Bishop George was slain by Gentile Greeks for exacting onerous taxes, especially inheritance taxes. J. B. Bury, who edited the 1906 edition of Gibbon's The Decline and Fall, wrote "This theory of Gibbon's has nothing to be said for it". He adds that "the connection of St. George with a dragon-slaying legend does not relegate him to the region of the myth". Saint George in all likelihood was martyred before the year 290.

 

Inside St. George's Chapel at Winsdor Castle. https://youtu.be/fYHDXoN2Pdg. The Powerful Meaning of St George | Joseph Campbell and Jonathan Pageau, https://youtu.be/kTyU2kTFmPg.  A Brief History Of William The Conqueror - William I Of England, https://youtu.be/NQ8HBJhYnb0. 

The House of Normandy designates the noble family which originates from the Duchy of Normandy and whose members were counts of Rouen, dukes of Normandy, as well as kings of England following the Norman conquest of England. It lasted until the House of Plantagenet came to power in 1154. The house emerged from the union between the Viking Rollo (first ruler of Normandy) and Poppa of Bayeux, a West Frankish noblewoman. William the Conqueror and his heirs down through 1135 were members of this dynasty. After that, it was disputed between William's grandchildren, Matilda, whose husband Geoffrey was the founder of the House of Plantagenet, and Stephen of the House of Blois (or Blesevin dynasty).

The Norman counts of Rouen were:

Rollo, 911–927.
William Longsword, 927–942.

The Norman dukes of Normandy were:

Richard I, 942–996.
Richard II, 996–1027.
Richard III, 1026–1027.
Robert I, 1027–1035.
William, 1035–1066 (became King of England as William the Conqueror).

The Norman monarchs of England and Normandy were:

William the Conqueror, 1066–1087.
William II, 1087–1100 (not Duke of Normandy).
Robert II, 1087–1106 (not King of England).
Henry I, 1100–1135; 1106–1135.
William Adelin, 1120 (not King of England).
Matilda, 1135–1153.
Stephen (non-agnatic; a member of the House of Blois), 1135–1154.

Norman Count of Flanders:

William Clito (r. 1127–1128), son of Robert Curthose, great-grandson of Baldwin V, was designated by Louis VI of France.

Guillem I d'Anglaterra, William the Conqueror's 31 grandson is Rafael Alberto Vilagut-Vega.  Details and Names:      William the Conqueror (1028-1087) son Henry I of England King of England daughter Mathilde l`Emperesse de la maison de Normandie son King Henry II of England daughter Eleanor of England Queen de Castilla daughter 1) Urraca of Castile Queen of Portugal son King Afonso III de Bourgogne Rei de Portugal e Algarve son 5) Martim Afonso Chichorro daughter Maria Afonso Chichorro daughter Maria Gonçalves Briteiros son Dom João Lourenço da Cunha son João Álvares da Cunha son Rui Afonso de Melo son Rui de Melo da Cuhna son Alférez Álvaro de Alfonso daughter Isabel de Acuña y Berrio daughter María Pereira Cardoso daughter Juana Gómez daughter Ana Gómez daughter María De La Portilla daughter Catalina Mora daughter María Monterroso son Andrés Arias son Felipe Arias son José T. Arias son Luis Arias son Antonio Arias son José María Arias-Zumbado son Manuel Maria Arias Ugalde daughter María Manuela D.J. Arias-Camacho daughter Angelica Rodriguez-Arias daughter Nydia M. Vega-Rodriguez son Rafael Alberto Vilagut-Vega. 

Eleanor of England Queen de Castilla (1161-1214) daughter 2)  Berenguela de Castilla son 3) Fernando III Rey de Castilla y de León son Alfonso X el Sabio de Castilla son Sancho IV el Bravo de Castilla son Fernando IV de Castilla son Alfonso XI el Justiciero de Castilla son Enrique II de Trastámara de Castilla daughter Beatriz de Castilla y Ponce de Leon son Enrique de Guzmán son Juan Alonso Pérez de Guzmán son Enrique Pérez de Guzmán y Meneses son Juan Alonso Pérez de Guzmán son Pedro de Guzmán y Zúñiga daughter Ana Félix de Guzmán son Francisco de los Cobos son Francisco Cobos Vallejo son Manuel Cobos izquierdo daughter Juana de Cobos Arranz son Manuel Arranz de Cobos daughter Juliana Arranz Pastor son Florencio de la Fuente Arranz daughter Agustina de la Natividad de la Fuente Frutos daughter Agustina de Sanfrutos daughter Eugenia Pascual-Sanfrutos son Julián Martín Pascual daughter Consuelo Martín Martín son Emilio Vilagut-Martin son Rafael Alberto Vilagut-Vega.

Berenguela de Castilla son 4) Alfonso de Molina daughter María Alfonso de Meneses y Molina son Fernando IV de Castilla son Alfonso XI el Justiciero de Castilla son Enrique II de Trastámara de Castilla daughter Beatriz de Castilla y Ponce de Leon son Enrique de Guzmán son Juan Alonso Pérez de Guzmán son Enrique Pérez de Guzmán y Meneses son Juan Alonso Pérez de Guzmán son Pedro de Guzmán y Zúñiga daughter Ana Félix de Guzmán son Francisco de los Cobos son Francisco Cobos Vallejo son Manuel Cobos izquierdo daughter Juana de Cobos Arranz son Manuel Arranz de Cobos daughter Juliana Arranz Pastor son Florencio de la Fuente Arranz daughter Agustina de la Natividad de la Fuente Frutos daughter Agustina de Sanfrutos daughter Eugenia Pascual-Sanfrutos son Julián Martín Pascual daughter Consuelo Martín Martín son Emilio Vilagut-Martin son Rafael Alberto Vilagut-Vega.

King Afonso III de Bourgogne Rei de Portugal e Algarve son 6) Dionisio I de Portugal daughter 7) Constanza de Portugal son Alfonso XI el Justiciero de Castilla son Enrique II de Trastámara de Castilla daughter Beatriz de Castilla y Ponce de Leon son Enrique de Guzmán son Juan Alonso Pérez de Guzmán son Enrique Pérez de Guzmán y Meneses son Juan Alonso Pérez de Guzmán son Pedro de Guzmán y Zúñiga daughter Ana Félix de Guzmán son Francisco de los Cobos son Francisco Cobos Vallejo son Manuel Cobos izquierdo daughter Juana de Cobos Arranz son Manuel Arranz de Cobos daughter Juliana Arranz Pastor son Florencio de la Fuente Arranz daughter Agustina de la Natividad de la Fuente Frutos daughter Agustina de Sanfrutos daughter Eugenia Pascual-Sanfrutos son Julián Martín Pascual daughter Consuelo Martín Martín son Emilio Vilagut-Martin son Rafael Alberto Vilagut-Vega.

Dionisio I de Portugal daughter 8) Maria Alonso de Portugal daughter Leonor Lopez de Haro y Alonso son Diego Pérez Sarmiento de Villamayor y Haro daughter Beatriz Sarmiento de Villamayor son Ramiro Nuñez De Guzman daughter Leonor de Guzmán y Bázan son Luis Ruiz de Valdivia y Guzman son Diego Ruiz de Valdivia y Guzmán daughter Isabel Gutierrez de Valdivia son Alvaro Gutierrez de Valdivia y Diaz son Alonso Gutiérrez Hernández son Ambrosio El Viejo de Brenes y Vindas daughter 9) Gerónima Tomasina de Brenes Jiménez daughter Magdalena González de Brenes daughter Andrea González González daughter Bárbara Bogantes González daughter Manuela Ramírez Bogantes son José Elías Muñoz Ramírez daughter Úrsula Jacoba Muñoz Ugalde daughter Josefa Isabel Zamora Muñoz daughter Juana Josefa Camacho-Zamora daughter María Manuela Arias-Camacho daughter Angelica Rodriguez-Arias daughter Nydia M. Vega-Rodriguez son Rafael Alberto Vilagut-Vega.

Hernández son Ambrosio El Viejo de Brenes y Vindas daughter 10) María de Brenes y Jiménez daughter Inés Olivares Brenes daughter 11) Victoria Jiménez son José T. Arias son Luis Arias son Antonio Arias son José María Arias-Zumbado son Manuel Maria Arias Ugalde daughter María Manuela D.J. Arias-Camacho daughter Angelica Rodriguez-Arias daughter Nydia M. Vega-Rodriguez son Rafael Alberto Vilagut-Vega.

Inés Olivares Brenes daughter 12) Francisca Jiménez Olivares daughter Manuela de Oviedo y Jimenez son Manuel del Espíritu Santo Arias Oviedo daughter María Ignacia Arias Alfaro son Francisco Ugalde Arias daughter Bernardina Ugalde Bolaños son 13) Manuel Maria Arias Ugalde daughter María Manuela D.J. Arias-Camacho daughter Angelica Rodriguez-Arias daughter Nydia M. Vega-Rodriguez son Rafael Alberto Vilagut-Vega.

Bernardina Ugalde Bolaños daughter 14) María Fulgencia Arias-Ugalde son Juan Jerónimo Rodríguez-Arias daughter Angelica Rodriguez-Arias daughter Nydia M. Vega-Rodriguez son Rafael Alberto Vilagut-Vega

 

William The Conqueror - William I Of England.

Rafael Alberto Vilagut. A cross-cultural manager. 🌍 Entrepreneur, 📚 kindle Author 💰 Crypto-Investor, Professor 💎 Travel-lover 🌍 @VILAGUTR 🚀 Mechanical engineer 🥇Venezuelan-Spanish-Costa Rican🧑 Costa Rica/EUA/UE. https://linktr.ee/ravilagut © COPYRIGHT 2009 - 2023 Rafael Alberto Vilagut - ravilagut@ymail.com.